Astronomical observations can be used to test fundamental theories in physics, such as general relativity. The two fields complement each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results. Theoretical astrophysics is concerned with ascertaining the observational implications of computer or analytic models. Observational astronomy is concerned with acquiring data, which involves building and maintaining instruments, as well as processing the results. Since the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy has split into observational astronomy and theoretical astrophysics. However, it required the invention of the telescope before astronomy developed into a modern science. Astronomers of early civilizations performed methodical observations of the night sky, and astronomical artifacts have been found from much earlier periods. It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology,and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe.Īstronomy is one of the oldest sciences. A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant.Īstronomy ( Greek: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia = astron + nomos, literally, " law of the stars") is the science of celestial objects ( e.g., stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere ( e.g., auroras and cosmic background radiation).
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